梦到考试是什么意思
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Screenshot  Screenshot of Britannica.com on 26 June 2025 | |
Type of site | Online encyclopaedia |
|---|---|
| Available in | British English |
| Headquarters | Chicago , United States |
| Owner | Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc. |
| Editor | Jason Tuohey[1] |
| URL | www |
| Commercial | Yes |
Content licence | All rights reserved |
| ISSN | 1085-9721 |
Britannica.com is the domain name of the main website of Encyclop?dia Britannica,[2] which provides partial free access to the paid online edition of the encyclopaedia, titled Encyclopaedia Britannica.[3] The paid edition is known as Britannica Academic,[3] previously Britannica Online.[4]
Content
[edit]As of 2025, Britannica.com had over 130,000 different entires covering a wide variety of topics,[5] with a search bar allowing navigation to specific entries. In 2000, in addition to the main encyclopedia text, Britannica.com was reported to include "current news, an internet guide that ranks Websites, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and additional tools".[4]
History
[edit]Britannica was first launched online in 1994 as eb.com, which required a paid subscription to access. In 1999 the free website Britannica.com was launched, which contained the full text of the encyclopedia, as well as "an Internet search engine, subject channels, current events, and essays".[6] The website was so popular that it crashed on several occasions following launch.[6][7] Britannica.com later offered a subscription fee to remove advertising. eb.com was initially retained alongside Britannica.com for institutional subscribers such as schools and libraries.[6] While Britannica.com was initially completely free to use and supported by advertising,[4] by 2012 it had put up a partial paywall, requiring a subscription to fully access the website's content.[8] As of 2009[update], roughly 60% of Encyclop?dia Britannica's revenue came from online operations, of which around 15% came from subscriptions to the consumer version of the websites.[9] In 2012 Britannica Inc. discontinued the print edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, leaving the Britannica.com as the main version of the encyclopedia.[8][10] In 2024, the website began incorporating AI features, such as a large language model-based chatbot as part of the early 2020s AI boom.[11][12]
Reception
[edit]Robert Rossney, writing in Wired shortly after the launch of eb.com in 1995, was skeptical of the need of encyclopedias in the internet age, stating that "Given that the Web itself is becoming the sum of the world's knowledge, isn't putting the Encyclopaedia Britannica online a spectacularly useless thing to do?"[13]
2005 Nature study vs Wikipedia
[edit]In 2005, the journal Nature chose articles from Britannica.com and Wikipedia in a wide range of science topics and sent them to what it called "relevant" field experts for peer review. The experts then compared the competing articles—one from each site on a given topic—side by side, but were not told which article came from which site. Nature got back 42 usable reviews. The journal found just eight serious errors, such as general misunderstandings of vital concepts: four from each site. It also discovered many factual errors, omissions or misleading statements: 162 in Wikipedia and 123 in Britannica, an average of 3.86 mistakes per article for Wikipedia and 2.92 for Britannica.[14][15]
Although Britannica was revealed as the more accurate encyclopaedia, with fewer errors, in its rebuttal, it called Nature's study flawed and misleading[16] and called for a "prompt" retraction. It noted that two of the articles in the study were taken from a Britannica yearbook and not the encyclopaedia, and another two were from Compton's Encyclopedia (called the Britannica Student Encyclopedia on the company's website).
Nature defended its story and declined to retract, stating that, as it was comparing Wikipedia with the web version of Britannica, it used whatever relevant material was available on Britannica's website.[17] Interviewed in February 2009, the managing director of Britannica UK said:
Wikipedia is a fun site to use and has a lot of interesting entries on there, but their approach wouldn't work for Encyclop?dia Britannica. My job is to create more awareness of our very different approaches to publishing in the public mind. They're a chisel, we're a drill, and you need to have the correct tool for the job.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ Naidu, Pawan (2025-08-14). "Britannica taps former Yahoo editor to lead publication in the era of AI". Crain's Chicago Business. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Kraus, Jermen & Jeci? 2020, p. 170.
- ^ a b Adefolalu 2024.
- ^ a b c Bibel, Barbara M. (2000). "Encyclopedia Britannica: To Pay or Not to Pay – A Comparative Review of Britannica.com and Britannica Online". The Charleston Advisor. 2 (2): 5–8.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions about Britannica Membership". Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b c "Encyclop?dia Britannica - Digital Reference, Encyclopedia, Knowledge | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Surfers throw book at online Britannica". Independent Online (iol.co.za). 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b Peckham, Matt (2025-08-14). "Britannica Print Edition Kicks the Bucket, So Is Wikipedia Our New Lord and Master?". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ a b Charlton, Graham (10 February 2009). "Q&A: Ian Grant of Encyclop?dia Britannica UK [interview]". Econsultancy. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
- ^ "Encyclopaedia Britannica ends its famous print edition". BBC News. 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ de la Merced, Michael J. (2025-08-14). "Britannica Didn't Just Survive. It's an A.I. Company Now". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Schwartz, Eric Hal (2025-08-14). "I compared ChatGPT to the Britannica AI chatbot, and the results make me want to buy the entire encyclopedia". TechRadar. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Rossney, Robert (1 August 1995). "Encyclopaedia Britannica Online?". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Giles, J. (2005). "Internet encyclopaedias go head to head: Jimmy Wales' Wikipedia comes close to Britannica in terms of the accuracy of its science entries". Nature. 438 (7070): 900–901. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..900G. doi:10.1038/438900a. PMID 16355180.
- ^ Terdiman, Daniel. "Study: Wikipedia as accurate as Britannica". Staff Writer, CNET News. CNET News. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ^ "Fatally Flawed – Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal Nature" (PDF). Encyclop?dia Britannica, Incorporated. March 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ^ "Encyclopaedia Britannica and Nature: a response" (PDF). Nature (Press release). 23 March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2006. (nature.com's own archive is under nature.com Archived 19 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, inside Press release archives (zip): 2006 Archived 27 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine by filename Encyclopaedia Britannica and Nature a response.pdf. As of 20 November 2021, the PDF creation date is 2 August 2019)
Bibliography
[edit]- Kraus, Cvijeta; Jermen, Nata?a; Jeci?, Zdenko (2025-08-14). "An insight into online encyclopaedias for children and young adults". 7th International Conference The Future of Information Sciences INFuture2019: Knowledge in the Digital Age. Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia. pp. 167–180. doi:10.17234/infuture.2019.
- Adefolalu, Opetoritse A. (2025-08-14). "Ready-Reference Sources". In Wong, Melissa A.; Saunders, Laura (eds.). Reference and Information Services: An Introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 979-8-216-17070-9.